ராதே கிருஷ்ணா 19-03-2016
ஸ்ரீ வைஷ்ணவ குரு பரம்பரை
Sri:
Sri
Ramanuja at Sri Perumbudur
Sri Vaishnava Guru Parampara
(Exalted Oran-Vazhi Lineage of Teachers)
Achaarya
Lineage
1
SridharaSrimanNarayana)
2
Sri(Maha Lakshmi)
3
Vishvaksena
4
Sattakopaya
5
Nathamuni
6
Pundarikaksha
7
RamaMisra
8
Yamunacharya
9
MahaPuma
10
Sri Ramanuja
9
Embar
8
ParasaraBhattar
7
Nanjeeyar
6
Nampillai
5
Vadakku ThiruvidhiPillai
4
PillaiLokacharya
3
ThiruvaiymozhiPillai
2
Manavala Mamuni
1
SridharaSrimanNarayana)
Sri:
Srimathe
Ramanujaya Namaha: Srimath Varavara Munaye Namaha:
VEDICS
PUBLICATION
Vedics
Foundation (http://www.vedics.net)
Table of Contents
Our Acharyas
4
Picture: Necklace of our Acharya Lineage 9
Sri Visvaksena 10
Sriman Nathamuni
11
Sri Uyyakondar 13
Sri Manakkal Nambi 14
Sri Parasara Bhattar 15
Sri Nanjeeyar
18
Sri Nampillai
21
Sri Vadakku Thiruveedi pillai 25
Sri Pillai Lokacharya 26
Swami Manavala Mamunikal at Sikkil Kidaaram
Our acharyas
The srIvaishNava AchArya guruparampara is our greatest gift. Meditating upon the salutations to our AchAryAs
remind us of their greatness, as well as the qualities that they had, and indirectly this reminds us of the kind of qualities that one needs to aspire to have.
The following are the salutations to the lineage of teachers right from the Lord srIman nArAyaNa himself all the way to srI maNavALa mAmunigaL. The Lord Himself considers srI maNavALa mAmunigaL to be his AchArya (evidenced by the salutation, that was composed by ranganAthA himself). Hence, the lineage completes a full circle with the Lord at the top of the list, and the circle completed by the relationship between the Lord and srImaNavAlAmamunigaL.
The
liniage is as follows
1. srIman nArAyaNa (Lord ranganAtha)
2. srI ranganAyakith thAyAr
3. srI viSvaksEna
4. srI nammAzhvAr (srI saTakOpa)
5. srIman nAdha muni
6. srI puNdarIkAkshar (srI uyyakkoNdAr)
7. srI rAma miShra (srI maNakkAl nambi)
8. srIman yAmuna muni (srI AlavandhAr)
9. srI mahApUrNa (srI periya nambi)
10. srI rAmAnuja (emperumAnAr)
11. srI embAr (srI gOvinda bhattar)
12. srI parAsara bhattar (11a. srI kUrattAzhvAn)
13. srI nanjIyar
14. srI nampiLLai
15. srI vadakku-th-thiruveedhip piLLai
16. srI piLLai lOkAchAriAr (15b. srI periyavAchchAn piLLai)
17. srI thiruvAymozhip piLLai
18. srI maNavALa mAmunigaL
19. back to Lord ranganAtha
Note: srI. kUrattAzhvAn and srI periyavAchchAn piLLai are in the literal sense, not part of the guruparampara
lineage. However, many elders have included their salutations too in the lineage, given their stature and
prominence.
Given the goal of reciting/meditating upon the guruparampara, the more AchAryAs that we can meditate upon, the better for us. Hence, the two salutations are included.
Every day, our AchAryAs advise us to medidate upon our guruparampara. In many cases, one’s direct
guruparmpara does not go through the lineage as mentioned above, and usually branches after rAmAnuja.
Especially for descendants and/or shisyAs of the 74 simhAsanAdhipathis established by rAmAnuja, the
guruparampara will start with the current AchAryan, his AchAryan, his AchAryan and so on till it reaches rAmAnuja, and after that, it is common for everyone. For example, for descendants and/orfollowers of one of
the branches of the thirumalai anandAnpiLLai AchArya purusha family (that are descendants of ananthAzhvAn),
the AchArya parampara goes through srI thirumalai anandAnpiLLai krisNhamAchAriAr (current AchArya), his AchAryA and so on, till srI anantAzhvAn, then srI aruLAlap
perumAL emperumAnAr, and then rAmAnuja, then periya nambi, AlavandhAr and so on till perumAL.
In such cases, elders suggest the following
1. do
the meditation of the guruparampara in the ascending and descending order
2. for the descending order, meditate/recite in the order as given below - i.e. perumAL through emperumAnAr through maNavALa mAmunigaL
3. for the ascending order, meditate upon one’s immediate AchAryA, His AchArya, and so on till emperumAnAr, and then follow the common path (i.e. periya nambi, AlavAndhAr etc.. through perumAL)
We hope
that you find the following useful in remembering our great AchAryAs. If you find any mistakes in the transliteration, please inform us so that we can correct the mistake.
srI ranganAthar
srI sthanABharaNam thEja: srIrangESayam AsrayE |
chinthAmaNimivOdhBhAntham uthsangE anantha BhOgina: ||
srIranga nAyaki (periya pirAtti)
nama: srIranga nAyakyai yadhBrUviBrama Bethatha: | ISESithavya vaiShamya nimnOnnathamidham jagath ||
vishvaksEna
srIranga chandiramasa mindirayaa viharththum vinyasya visva chidhacinnayanAdhikAram |
yO nirvahathya nisa manguli mudrayaiva sEnAnyamanya vimukhAsthama sisriyAma ||
nammAzhvAr
mAthA pithA yuvathayas thanayaa viBhUthis sarvam yadhEva niyamEna madhanvayAnAm |
aadhyasya na: kulapathE: vakuLABhirAmam srImath thadhanGri yugaLam praNamAmi mUrDhnaa ||
srIman nAdhamuni
namO achinthyAdh BhuthAklishta gnyAna vairAgya rASayE |
nAdhAya munayE agADha Bhagavadh Bhakti sinDhavE ||
srI uyya-k-koNdAr
nama: pankaja nEthrAya nATha: srI pAdha pankajE |
nyasyath sarva BarAyAsmath kulanAThAya DhImathE ||
srI maNak-k-Al nambi
ayathnathO yAmunamAthmadhAsam aLarkka pathrArpaNa niShkrayENa |
ya: krItha vAnAsThitha yauvarAjyam namAmi tham rAmamamEya sathvam ||
srI AlavandhAr
yadh padhAm BoruhaDhyAna viDhvasthASESha kalmaSha: |
vasthuthAm upayAthOham yAmunEyam namAmi tham ||
srI periya nambi
kamalApathi kalyANa GuNAmrutha niShEvayA |
pUrNa kAmAya sathatham pUrNAya mahathE nama: ||
srI rAmAnujA
yO nithyam achyutha padhAm bujayugmarukma
vyAmOhathas thadhitharANi thruNAya mEnE |
asmad gurOr BhagavthOsya dhayaika sinDhO:
rAmAnujasya charaNau SaraNam prapadhyE ||
srI embAr (srI gOvinda jIyar)
rAmAnuja padachchAyA gOvindAhvAna pAyinI |
thadhAyaththa svarUpA sA jIyAn madh viSramasthalI ||
srI kUraththAzhvAn
srI vatsa chinha miSrEBhyO nama ukthi maDhImahi |
yadhukthayas thrayIkaNTE yAnthi maNgaLa sUthrathAm ||
srI parAsara bhaTTar
srI parAsara bhaTTArya: srIrangESa purOhitha: |
srI vatsAnkasutha: srImAn srEyasE mEsthu BhUyasE ||
srI nanjIyar
namO vEdAntha vEdyAya jagan maNgaLa hEthavE |
yasya vAgamruthA sAra pUritham Bhuvanthrayam ||
srI nampiLLai
vEdAnta vEdyAmrtha vAri rASE:
vEdArtha sArAmrutha pUramgryam |
AdAya varshanthamaham prapadhyE
kAruNya pUrNam kali vairi dAsam ||
vadak-k-kuth thiruvIdhip piLLai
srI krshNa pAda pAdAbjE namAmi SirasA sadA |
yath pradAdapraBhAvEna sarva sidDhiraBhUn mama ||
srI periyavAchchAn piLLai
srImath krshNasamAhvAya namO yAmuna sUnavE |
yath katAkshaika lakshyANAm sulaBha: srIdharas sadhA ||
srI piLLai lOkAchAriAr
lOkAchArya guravE krshNapAdasya sUnavE |
samsAra BhOKi sandhaShta jIvajIvAthavE nama: ||
srI thiruvAymozhip piLLai nama:
srISaila nAThAya kunthI nagara janmanE |
prasAdhalabdha
parama prApya kainkarya SalinE ||
srI maNavALa mAmunigaL
srIsailEsa dayApAtram DheeBhakthyaadhi guNaarNavam |
yatIndrap pravaNam vandhE ramya jAmAtaram munim ||
Sri Ramanuja is the main jewel in our Acharya Lineage. All
Sri Vaishnavas, by having a connection to Sri Ramanuja, are linked to God as their first Acharya. The lineage is represented as a necklace of precious gems. It starts with Ramanuja
as the central jewel of
the pendant among teachers and connects to first Acharya, who is the Lord Himself.
Uniqueness in all the Acharyas messages is they all speak with one voice, all their
works will support one another and
are true to the Vedas – samskrit vEda and the
tamizh vEda. Swami maNavALa mAmunikaL is chronogically the
last of
the set of AchAryAs known as “poorvAchAryAs” – the primary AchAryAs, or the earlier AchAryAs. The Achaarya parapmara is completed by Lord himself when He symbolically took
srI maNavALa mAmunikaL as HIS own Acharya.
Thus, The AchArya Parampara starts and ends with the LORD himself. The fist page shows the depiction of the above lineage in a nice garland.
Achaarya Lineage
1
Sriclhara
(SrimanNarayana)
2
Sri (Maha Lakshmi)
3
Vishvaksena
4
Sattakopaya
5
Nathamuni
6
Pundarikaksha
7
RamaMisra
8
Yamunacharya
9
MahaPurna
10
Sri Ramanuja
9
Embar
8
ParasaraBhattar
7
Nanjeeyar
6
Nampillai
5
Vadakku ThimvidhiPillai
4
PillaiLokacharya
3
Thiruvaiymozhi Pillai
2
Manavala Mamuni
1
Sriclhara
(SrimanNarayana)
SRI VISVAKSENA
Sri VisvaksEna, in the divyadEsam of thiru-alli-k-kENi
Salutation (thaniyan):
tulAkathEthi nagarE poorvAshAdA samudhbhavam padmApadhAmbhujAsaktham sEnAdhipamaham bhajE
Srirangachandiramasa mindhirayA viharthum vinyasya vishva chitha chinnayanAdhikAram !yO nirvahathya nisamanguli mut
rayaiva senAnyamanyavimukAsthama sisriyAma !!
srI visvaksEna (in tamizh, sEnai mudhanmaiyAr) is the commander in chief of the Lord’s army. He is considered
as the sishya of Sri mahAlakshmi (by virtue of his place in the Acharya lineage), and the acharya of srI SatakOpa
(nammAzhvAr). Our Lord, Sriman nArAyaNa, the king who rules over all the sentient
and insentient beings is
considered to be under the control of the dhandam (stick in the hand) of visvaksEna (like a President/Prime minister, who is under the control of his ministers, and the chief of staff of the army). This doesn’t mean that the
Lord is ruled over by visvaksEna. The
Lord has handed over the responsibility of running the day to day activities
of the universe to visvaksEna, and thereby has confidence in him to take all decisions. Our teachers explain this
concept in a very beautiful style (in tamizh, rasam). TheLord
and His consorts (srI dEvi, bhU dEvi, nILa dEvi)
are present in the private courtyard that they normally spend time in. Suddenly, without any notice,
visvaksEna (who is a old person), enters the courtyard. The consorts
of the Lord are taken aback, and they hide themselves
under the cot. Our teachers point this out and say that even the Lord and His consorts give abundant respect to His elderly person (visvaksEna) who takes care of all the issues in His kingdom (which is this universe).
Among all the nithyasUris (ever-liberated souls), srI visvaksEna is the first. In every major temple, there is a
sanctum sanctorum for visvaksEna, and an idol of visvaksEna. Before the Lord goes out(in ceremonial
procession), visvaksEna goes ahead of time in the same route that the Lord will take, and inspects the route to make sure that they are “safe” and fit for the Lord to take. He is the prime representative of the Lord in all occasions. He is found with 4 hands {caturbhuja form – 4 hands containing the shanka, charka, dhanda and the
fourth hand showing the sign of wisdom (jnAna mudra) }.
Our teachers teach us that it is srI visvaksEna who taught the deep esoteric concepts (rahasyArtha) of our religion
to srI nammAzhvAr.
srI visvaksEnA’s appearance day is in the tamizh month of aippasi (thula,
in sanskrit), the star of pooraadam
(uttara aashaada)
The slOka that we all recite before chanting vishNu sahasranAmam – “yasyath viradha vakrAthyA: pArishadyA: parassadham !
vignam nignanthi sadhatham vishvaksenam thamAsrayE !!”
is in fact a prayer to srI visvaksEna to remove all the obstacles that hinder our path of thinking about the Lord.
Prior to most rituals (family rituals like entering a new house, or rituals in the temple like the holy bathing of the Lord), a ritual worship (ArAdhana) is done to srI visvaksEna so that all obstacles to the performance of the main ritual are removed.
Sriman NATHAMUNI
Nathamuni ( Courtesy Srimatham.com)
Salutation:
Vyomna: Parasthath savitham samethya Lakshmya nyogath kurukathiraja: SamanthraRajathvayaMaha yasmai Nathaya thasmai munaye Namosthu”
“namO achintya adhbutha akliShta jnAna vairAgya rASayE
nAdAya munayE agaadha bhagavad bhakti sindhavE”
The following are excerpts from two common slOkAs that we recite everyday:
“lakshmI nAdha samArambhAm nAtha yAmuna madhyamAm” (With the consort of Lakshmi in the beginning,
and srI nAthamuni and yAmuna muni in the middle”
“nAthO pajzam pravrutham bahupir upAsaitham yAmunEya prapanndhai:
Thratham samyak yathinrairitham akila thama: karsananum num”
The above two slOkAs state that srIman nAthamuni occupies a central role in the spread of the srIvaishNava sampradAya. Even though the srIvaishNava religion has existed from time immemorial, it has become prevalent
among many people only after srIman nAthamuni – this is said by svAmi vEdAnta dEsika “nAthOpajzam
praviruththam”, and srI maNavALa mAmunikaL – “aruL peRRa nAthamuni mudhalaam nam dEsikarai allaal
pEdhai manamE uNdO pEsu” {oh confused mind! Is there a lineage of AcharyAs other than the
one which starts
from srIman nAdhamuni?}
srIman
nAthamuni was born in veera nArAyaNa puram (present day kAttu mannAr kOvil, near chidambaram in tamilnadu) to srI Isvara muni, who was the priest at the local temple for the Lord. srI Isvara muni named his son
as srI ranganAtha. At the proper age, young ranganAtha was initiated into learning the vEdAs, and proved to be
an accomplished learner. He helped his father Isvara muni in performing service at the local temple.
One day, both the father and son took leave of the presiding deity of the temple (srI mannAr), and left for a pilgrimage of holy places north of veera nArAyaNa puram. They went to places like srI mathura, vrindAvan, the yamuna river bank, srI gOvardhana giri, srImad dvAraka, ayOdhyA, sALagrama and
badrinath. They lived on the
banks of yamuna, doing service to the Lord of the yamuna river bank – yamuna-i-th-thuraivan. One day, srI
mannAr (the presiding deity at their homeplace) appeared in their dream and asked them to come back to Him.
So, they took leave of the Lord of the yamuna banks, and after pilgrimage of places ahObilam, ghatikAchalam, kAchipuram and srIrangam, returned to their hometown. At their hometown, they performed service at the Lord’s temple by lighting lamps, making garlands and singing sweet songs about the pastimes of the Lord.
One day, as srI ranganAtha was attending to his services, a group of srIvaishNavAs from the western land (mElukOte) came to worship the Lord, and sang 10 songs. The first song started with the word “ArA amudhE” –
“Oh! My limitless nectar!”. These 10 songs were incredibly beautiful and thoughtful, and the last song had the
phrase “Or AyiraththuL ip-paththum” – these 10 songs among the 1000. Moved by the songs, and curious about
them, srI ranganAtha (srI nAthamuni) asked the srIvaishNavAs if they knew the 1000 songs, and who composed
them. He wanted to learn all the 1000 songs from them. The srIvaishNavAs replied “Unfortunately, we do not know any more than these 10 songs. We also do not know of anyone who
knows all the 1000. These songs have
been given to us by our forefathers, and we keep reciting them”, and they left for the next holy place.
After this incident, srI nAthamuni was always immersed in thought about these songs. Suddenly, one day, he realized that there was a word “kurukoor sadagOpan” in the last song, and maybe if he goes to the place kurukoor,
he might get more answers. He took leave from the deity of the temple, and reached thiru-k-kurukoor (present day
AzhvAr thirunagari, near thiru-nel-vEli, in south tamizhnAdu), and paid his respects to the Lord at the temple
there – polindhi ninRa pirAn – “The Lord who gives out radiance”. A person by the name of srI parAnkusa dAsa
happened to be there. srI nAthamuni asked him about the songs that he had heard. srI parAnkusa dAsa, who was
born in the lineage of a great devotee of nammAzhvAr, the foremost of all devotees of the Lord, replied “These
songs are part of thiru-vAy-mozhi. Thiru-vAi-mozhi and other holy compositions
were losta long time ago.
There is noone who knows them. But, we know the 11 poems of a work called kaNNi-nun-ciRuth-thAmbu.
Elders say that if someone learns these 11 poems, and recites them 12,000 times with great devotion and meditation, that person may get the grace of nammAzhvAr.” On hearing this, srI nAthamuni became ecstatic, and
with tear filled eyes requested srI parAnkusa dAsa to teach it to him. srI nAthamuni, after learning went the shade
of a tamarind tree (the same tree, under which srI nammAzhvAr lived when he was on this earth), and recited the
songs 12,000 times with deep devotion. When he completed reciting them, a voice echoed from the heavens
“What do you desire”?. srI nAthamuni immediately realized that it was the voice of srI nammAzhvAr, and said
“svAmi! Please give us back thiru-vAy-mozhi and otherholy compositions” with great veneration. svAmi nammAzhvAr took great delight at this request, and through divine powers taught srI nAthamuni not only the holy compositions (divya prabhandham), but also esoteric concepts (rahasyArthAs), the ashtAnga yOga techniques
and its meanings.
srI nAthamuni resided in thiru-k-kurukoor for a while, and then left for veera nArAyaNapuram. There, he taught
the holy compositions to key disciples, and set them to music and dance. This great tradition of singing the holy compositions with dance and music continues to this day at major temples. It is very accurate to say that without
srIman nAthamuni, we will NOT have the great wealth of knowledge we have. Can one even imagine a situation where we do
not have these holy compositions?
srI nAthamuni had 11 prominent disciples. They were – srI uyya-k-koNdAr, thiru-k-kurugai kAvalappan, srI
piLLai karuNakara dAsar, nambi karuNAkara dAsar, Eru thiru udaiyAr, thiru-k-kaNNamangai ANdAn, vAnamAmalai deivanAyaka ANdAn, uruputtUrAr Achchan, sokaththu AzhvAn, keezhai agaththu AzhvAn
and mElai agaththu AzhvAn.
He also blessed us with the following works – nyAya tattva sAram, yOga rahasyam and Purusha nirNayam. Unfortunately all the above works are non-existent today.
Sri UYYAKONDAR
Salutation:
“NamasyAm Aravindhaksham Nathabhave Vyavasthitham
Sudhdhasththvamayam SowreravatAramivaparam”
Namah: pankaja nEthraya Natha SripAda PankajE Nyastha SarvaparAyAsmath kulanaadhaaya DhimathE”
Life history:
Very little is known about the life history of srI uyya-k-koNdAr, also called srI puNdarIkAksha. What is known is
as follows.
srI uyya-k-koNdAr was anointed as the leader of all
devotees by srIman nAthamuni. After srIman nAthamuni left
for the abode of the Lord, srI uyya-k-koNdAr continued
to reach the great concepts (the esoteric meanings, the thiruvAymozhi etc.) to his disciples who included srI rAma miSra (srI maNakkAl nambi). It is known that he
anointed srI maNakkAl nambi as the next preceptor. Also, srI uyya-k-koNdAr predicted that a son would be born to srI Isvara Bhattar (another disciple who also happens to be the son of srI nAthamuni), and that this son should
be named after the Lord of the banks of the river yamuna - yamunai-th-thuraivan.
srI uyya-k-koNdAr’s place of birth is thiru-veLLarai, a place near srIrangam. He was born on the day of the star kriththika, in the month chaitra. The other names by which he is referred to are – padmakAksha, rajIvAksha and aravindAksha. His prominent disciples were srI maNakkAl nambi, thiru-alli-k-kEni pAn perumAl araiyar, chEtlUr sendAlankAradAsar, kOmadam thiruvinnakappan and ulagaperumAL nangai.
Sri MANAKKAL NAMBI
Salutation:
“Anujjitha ZhaMayogama punya Janapadhakam
Asprushtamatha ragam tham Ramam dhurya mupAsmahe”
“Bhagavad bhakthi dhukThapthi krthaKadAvaKA hanam
Nimuktha Thapathrithayam SriRamam Saranpa saraye”
“ayathnathO yAmunamAthma dAsam, aLarka patrArpaNa
nishkrayEna ya:kreethavaan aasthitha yowvarAjyam, namAmi tham rAmam amEya saththvam”
Life History:
svAmi maNakkAl nambi was one of the prominent disciples of srI uyya-k-koNdAr. For 12 years, just as
lakshmaNa was serving rAma,
srI maNakkAl nambi served srI uyya-k-koNdAr. Especially after srI uyya-k-
kondAr’s wife passed away, srI maNakkAl nambi took care of all the household activities at his house. This
included taking care of the two little daughters of srI uyya-k-koNdAr.One day, srI maNakkAl nambi was escorting the two little girls from their playground to the house. There was a fairly large puddle of water that the girls could not cross without getting their feet muddy. They were hesitating to cross the puddle. On seeing this, srI maNakkAl nambi lay down, with outstretched hands across the puddle and asked the two small girls to walk on his
back so that they wil not get dirty. When they reached home, srI uyya-k-koNdAr first saw the two children. srI maNakkAl nambi was inside the house, doing some chores. srI uyya-k-kondAr asked the girls how they managed
to get home without getting their feet muddy as there was so much water left from the
rain in the
past two days all
over the place. The children told him what had transpired. srI uyya-k-koNdAr immediately summonded srI maNakkAl nambi and gently chided him for doing this. He also was so pleased with srI maNakkAl nambi that he
taught the esoteric meaning of one of the most important slOkAs in our religion (the dvaya mantra) to him again.
After srI uyya-k-kondAr passed away, srI maNakkAl nambi took over the leadership of the devotees, and taught
all the esoteric meanings and the holy compositions to his disciples. As predicted by srI uyya-k-koNdAr (and srI nAthamuni), a son was born to srI Isvara muni in the month of aadi in the star of uththarAdam. SrI maNakkAl
nambi named the baby as “yamunai-th-thuraivar” (later came to be known as yAmunAcharya).
srI yamunai-th-thuraivan was educated in the proper sAstrAs and the various branches of spiritual knowledge
(vEdAs), and got married at the proper time. Later, he was given half the kingdom (of the place where he was residing), and was given the name “ALavandhAr” – the one who came to rule. This incident in his life history will be elaborated upon in the section on srI ALavandAr. He started to rule the kingdom, and generally took little interest in spiritual activities.
srI maNakkAl nambi learned about this, and became sad. srI nAthamuni, and srI uyya-k-koNdAr had passed on to srI maNakkAl nambi the great wealth that is the srIvaishNava religion, and srI yamunai-th-thuraivan, though he
was the grandson of srI nAthamuni, was not bothered about this great wealth at all. srI maNakkAl nambi went to the palace to meet the young king, and was not allowed to go near the king. Undeterred, he inquired the kitchen
cooks as to what the most favourite dish of the king was.
They mentioned that the king liked
a green called thUduvaLai (a local green with medicinal properties). srI maNakkAl nambi started
to bring this green every day,
and the cooks cooked them for the king. This happened for a few
months, and suddenly srI maNakkAl nambi
stopped giving the greens. After four days of food without
his favourite green, the king – yamunai-th-thuraivan asked the cooks what the matter was. The
cooks said that an elderly scholar brought them
without fail for the past
few months, and suddenly stopped bringing them. The king told that the next time the elderly person comes, he
wanted to see him,
and ordered the cooks to bring the elderly person to him if he comes. After a few days, srI maNakkAl nambi brought
the green again. This time, the cook took them to the king. The
king asked “Why were
you bringing this
for a few months? Is there anything you need from me?”. srI maNakkAl nambi replied – “I do
not need an wealth from you. I know about the wealth that was handed over by your forefathers. I know where it
is hidden, and would like to give it back to you”. Yamunai-th-thuraivan was surprised to hear
this, and asked srI maNakkAl nambi about the wealth. srI maNakkAl nambi replied that he had to teach it to yamunai-th-thuraivan
over some time. He stayed in the palace, and
taught the 18 chapters of srI bhagavad gIta to yamunai-th-thuraivan along with its meanings. After this, he felt that yamunai-th-thuraivan was
ready to receive the crown jewel of all the wealth. He took the young king ot SriRangam, and showed him the beautiful Lord who resides there.
On seeing
the Lord, yamunai-th-thuraivan was moved to tears, and he cried “I have wasted so many years”. He stayed back
in srIrangam, and learnt the wealth (all that was taught by srIman nAthamuni to his disciples which was passed along to srI uyya-k-koNdAr and srI maNakkAl nambi) from srI maNakkAl nambi.
When he was ready to leave this earth for the abode of the Lord, srI maNakkAl nambi told yAmunai-th-thuraivan
(who had, by now taken the path of ascetics, and was widely known as srI ALavandAr) – “ “You, who is related to SriNathamuni should follow His teachings, propagate it and do
not forsake SriRangam”. After this instruction, he
left for the abode of the Lord – srIvaikuNTa.
Sri
PARASARA BHATTAR
Salutation:
srI parAsara bhattArya: srI rangEsa purOhitha: |
srIvatsAnka suta srImAn srEyasE mEsthu bhUyasE ||
Life history:
svAmi parAsara Bhattar was one of the twins born to kUrattAzhvAn and AndAL.. Although it is known that he
was born in the month of “vrishaba”, and in the star of anurAdha (anushAm, in tamizh), the year of his
birth is
not accurately known due to conflicting information from various sources. One such year of birth is 1062 A.D. According some other interpretations, it is between 1073 A.D and 10s78 A.D. There are various versions on the
duration of his lifespan ranging from 30 years to 90 years.
Parashara, one of the twins- the other
one being SrirAma Pillai also known as vEdavyAsa Bhattar- was named by Swami Ramanuja himself in honor of the great sage who wrote ‘Vishnu PuraNa’. That the birth of the twins is attributed to the divine grace of Lord Sriranganatha is seen in the following story. KUrattAzhvAn, foremost among the disciples of Swami Ramanuja, though was very wealthy, came to Srirangam renouncing all his wealth in his native place called Kuram. He
and his wife AndAl carried on in their daily life by consuming the food they
received in alms after offering the same to the Lord. On one particular
Sri Parasara Bhattar
rainy day, AzhvAn could not go out to collect alms (as was the practice of renounced
people in those days – a practice called “uncha vritti”, where a person collected just enough grains to eat for the day from people who were willing to give), and had to go to bed without food. AndAl heard the temple bell ringing announcing the nightly offering of food (‘naivEdyam’) to Lord Sriranganatha and thought to herself - “Lord! You are enjoying your food
when your ardent devotee is kept hungry. Is it right on your part? “ . In no time, the priest of the temple knocked
on their door with all the temple paraphernalia and prasadam (food that is offered to the Lord, to be eaten by devotees). AzhvAn took
just a little bit and gave two morsels to AndAl and sent the rest back. Twins were born to them that year reminding one of the births of Sri Rama and his brothers after their mothers consumed the payasam in the putrakAmEshti yagna conducted by Dasaratha. Because of this, Parashara Bhattar is said to be the
son of Sriranganatha Himself. It is said that when he was just a baby, he was taken to the temple
and put in a
cradle there which was rocked by none other than Sriranganayaki Herself. Bhattar himself has mentioned this in Srirangarajastava (shlOka 17) as “ SrirangarAja kamalApada lAlitatvam”.
When Swami Ramanuja came to the twins’ naming ceremony, Sri Embar brought the babies to show him, reciting
‘dvaya’ mantra in the their ears to ward off evil. Ramanuja asked of Embar, “There is the fragrance of dvaya
mantra near these babies, did you do this?” Embar replied “ Yes. I have been
uttering dvaya in their ears for their
safety“. Then Ramanuja said “ You be their AchArya!”. Accordingly, Embar a.k.a Govinda Bhattar became their
AchArya subsequently.
Parashara had the unique privilege of a highly prodigious mind from childhood .When he was just 5 years old, he asked his father why NammAlvAr used mutually contradictory adjectives “siru” (small) and “mA” (big) as in “siru
mA manishar” (literally, small big human being) for which AzhvAn replied that it meant that some, though small
in build, could be big in knowledge.
Parashara got initiated into the Vedas and divya prabhandham after his upanayanam at the age of eight. He was so
fortunate to have been nurtured directly by stalwarts of Srivaishnavism namely Swami Ramanuja himself, KUrattAzhvAn and Embar. He was married to a girl named Akkacci from MahapurnA’s family with the help
of Ramanuja’s intervention. Subsequently, he got a son by name Naduvil Tiruvidhi Pillai.
Swami Ramanuja inspired Bhattar to write the highly scholarly commentary ‘bhagavad guna darpaNa” – (the
mirror that shows the divine qualities of the Lord) on Sri Vishnusahasranama. In guruparamparAprabhAva (the authoritative, documented history
of the life of our teachers), the following vivid description is given of how Parashara won over an advaita vEdAntin in TirunArAyanapuram to bring him to the Srivaishnava fold.
There
was a very learned and well known vedAntin in TirunArAyanapuram whose fame Bhattar also came to know and
got the strong desire to bring him to the vishitAdvaita school of thought. Towards this end, he took Swami Ramanuja’s permission and arrived at TirunArAyanapuram. The vEdAntin had also heard of Bhattar and his intellectual accomplishments. When he arrived, the local people told him that it would be impossible to see him without defeating his associates in intellectual discussions and advised that he go attend the daily feast conducted
by the vEdAntin. Bhattar then went to the feast next day and stood next to the vEdAntin and when asked whether
he was Bhatta and what he wanted, he answered in the affirmative and said that he had come seeking intellectual
debate with the vEdAntin. The vEdAntin agreed to have a debate. Bhattar defeated him after nine continuous days of intense debate. On the tenth day, Bhattar condemned advaita giving a discourse on TirunedundAndaham.
The vEdAntin was completely taken away by this and became Bhattar’s desciple immediately. Subsequently the
vEdAntin gave up worldy possessions and took up sanyasa and went to see
Bhattar in Srirangam. Then Bhattar welcomed him by saying “ nam (our) Jeeyar has come!” and since then the name ‘namjeeyar’ or ‘Nanjiyar’ came to be known.
For some time Bhattar had to leave Srirangam and live in Tirikkottiyur as a protest against a chieftain when he
encroached the house of Pillai Pillai AzhvAn in order to build the outer wall of the temple and retuned to Srirangam only after the chieftain’s death.
Bhattar is credited with several original interesting elucidations and interpretations of parts of thedivya prabhandhams, which are popularly known as “Bhattar’s nirvAhams”.
Bhattar wrote twelve works – ten in Samskrita and two in Tamil in addition to a number of individual verses in
Samskrita. The Samskrita works are : AshtaslOki , KriyAdIpa, Bagavadgunadarpana,SrIguNaratnakOsha,
Sriranganatha stOtra, Srirangarjastava, TatvaratnAkara, Tatvatraya,Adhyatmakhandadvaya vivarana and
LakshmIkalyana nAtaka. The Tamil works are KaisikapurANa
and commentary on a particular stanza of Tirumangai Alvar’s TirunedundAndakam called “Maivannanarungunji”.
Brief description of some of the works follows:
AshtAshlOki: As the very name indicates, this work is in eight verses. Marked by brevity and clarity, this explains
the essence of three important secrets of the Srivaishnava religion namely the ashtAkshara, the dvaya and the charamaslOka. The first four verses are devoted to explanation of the ashtAkshara and the next two expound dvaya and the last two, charamaslOka.
Bagavadgunadarpana: This is the masterly commentary on Visnusahasranama which forms partof the AnusAsanaparva of the Mahabharata. In this, Bhattar explains the tattva, hita and purusartha according to the visitadvaita school and brings out the glory of the Supreme Lord as ‘saguna’ Bramha. He also discusses the
sarIra- atma-bhava between the universe and the
Lord, the state of release, the supremacy of the Lord and his inseparable relation with Sri Mahalakshmi.
SriguNaratnakOsha: This hymn is addressed to Sri comprising 61 stanzas. Drawing profusely from the episode
of Sita in the rAmAyana , Bhattar justifies the motherhood of Lakshmi engaging her Lord in a lively and lovely conversation, pacifying the anger of her Lord . The concept of purushkAra between the Lord and the Jiva owes
much to the picture of Lakshmi as described by Bhattar in this work.
Sriranganatha stOtra: This is a beautiful lyric in six verses. Known for its
candid and clear style this brings out
the pangs experienced
by an ardent devotee when separated from the chosen deity. Itis said that Bhattar composed this stOtra when he had to go away from Srirangam due to the displeasure he incurred of the Chola
chieftain.
Srirangarajastava: This is the longest and the most important stOtra composed by Bhattar. It contains 232 verses
and is divided into two sections called Purvasataka and Uttarasataka. The first section deals with glory of Ranganatha including description of the temple, the environs, the Kaveri, and the gardens surrounding the temple.
The uttarasataka deals with
the supremacy of the Lord, claims of other schools of thought regarding purport of upanisadic texts, the nature of mOksa and the like.
Commentary on Maivannanarunkunji: This is a highly elaborate commentary on a particular stanza of Tirumangai Alvar’s Tirunedundandkam. Bhattar offers a variety of interpretations for this verse in the general context of the entire section which contains 30 stanzas. The interpretations he offers are from different view-
points taking each decade as a unit closely connected with one
another. These standpoints are those
of tirumantra, dvaya and the charamashlOka
Sri NANJEEYAR
Salutation:
namo vedAnta vedyAya jagatmangaLa hetave yasya vAkamruta sArapUritam bhuvanatrayam
Sri Nanjeeyar was the disciple of Sri Parasara Bhattar, the son of Sri kUrattAzhvAn and the acharya of Sri Nampillai. He was
the first acharya to write commentaries for both Thiruvaymozhi as well as prabandhams of
other Azhvars. His commentaries are the earliest ones that have a style of explaining each word and phrase
that
the AzhvArs use in the pAsurams, and then quoting other teachers in detailing the meanings.
Life history:
It is believed that Nanjeeyar lived from 1113 CE
to 1208 CE (95 years). He was born in the city of Thirunarayanapuram, near Mysore in Karnataka. He grew up in the town of Kankorai. He was the direct disciple of Parasara Bhattar and it was to him that Bhattar handed over the stewardship of the religion. One of Nanjeeyar’s greatest contributions was the identification (and anointment) of srI nampiLLai as the next leader of the
sampradAyam.
Sri Nanjeeyar
Nanjeeyar’s original name was Madhavacharyar. Since he had outstanding knowledge of the Vedantas, he was generally referred to as “vEdAnti. He was renowned as an acharya in the Advaitic tradition initially. Swami Ramanuja, before leaving this world called Bhattar and told him about Vedanti and asked that Bhattar correct him
and being him into the Srivaishnava fold. This shows the greatness of Nanjeeyar. Ramanuja had already done a similar act with the advaitin Yajnamurti, and gave him the name Arulala Perumal Emperumanar. However, due to old age Ramanuja was unable to do
the same with Madhavacharyar and therefore gave the task to Bhattar.
As Vedanti, Nanjeeyar lived with great fame in Thirunarayanapuram. Once a Brahmin from Srirangam met him
and told him about Bhattar’s greatness. From that time on, Vedanti was eager to meet Bhattar. When the brahmin
met Bhattar and told him
the incident, Bhattar aked him
what he told Vedanti. The Brahmin replied that he told Vedanti that Bhattar knew all sastras. Bhattar then told the Brahmin that he should have told Vedanti that Bhattar
also knew Thirunedunthandagam. The next time the Brahmin met Vedanti he repeated that to him. Vedanti was
then wondering about this work that he had not come across before.
Bhattar then later traveled to Thirunarayanapuram to challenge Vedanti. He went there in a palanquin, surrounded
by his disciples, in a procession. Upon seeing that the local people told Bhattar that he would not be able to meet Vedanti if he
went like that. They advised him that Madhavacharyar was in the habit of feeding brahmins each day
and if he went
as one of those brahmins, he will able to meet him quickly. Therefore, Bhattar dressed as a poor brahmin and went to his place. There Bhattar met Madhavacharyar who asked him why
he was waiting there.
Bhattar replied that he was waiting for some alms. Madhavacharyar asked him why he was not eating with the
other brahmins then. Bhattar replied that he did not come there for food but that he wanted the alm of philosophical debate. Madhavacharyar instantly recognized that it was Bhattar who was thus challenging him.
He accepted the challenge and
a debate raged for nine days between them. On the tenth day, Vedanti agreed that
he had lost and that the interpretation of the Vedas according to Visistadvaitham was
the true philosophy. He
surrendered at the divine feet of Bhattar who then performed pancha samskaram to him and returned to Srirangam.Madhavacharyar then continued to live in Thirunarayanapuram with his two wives and all his wealth. Once, a few brahmins came to his house and his wives sent them away without food. Upon returning to his houe and hearing
the news, Madhavacharyar grew greatly dejected with his wives in their failure to feed the poor. He therefore
divided his wealth into three portions, gave two of the portions to his wives and took one portion to give to Bhattar for service to the Lord. He then renounced this world and took sanyashrama dharma and left for Srirangam to meet Bhattar.
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