Radhe Krishna 03-09-2016
VALMIKI RAMAYANAM
shuklaambaradharam vishhNum shashi varNam caturbhujam |
prasanna vadanam dhyaayet sarvavighnopashaantaye ||
"The One Who is adorned with a white garment, Who is All-Pervading, Who is bright as a full moon, Who has four arms, and Who has a pleasant smiling face, may be meditated upon to extinguish all obstacles."
Thus concludes the fifth book Sundara Kanda, in Valmiki Ramayana.
VALMIKI RAMAYANAM
Srimad Valmiki Ramayana is an epic poem of India which narrates the journey of Virtue to annihilate vice. Sri Rama is the Hero and aayana His journey. We in India believe that Sri Rama lived in Treta Yug, millennia BC and we are presently concerned with what Srimad Valmiki Ramayana tells us, rather than when it was told.
This epic poem Ramayana is a smriti which is translated as "from memory". Given the antiquity of Srimad Valmiki Ramayana, there have been some interjected verses. Sometimes these verses can be contradicting. However, scholars, grammarians, historians have put lot of effort to standardize the original text, by verifying various manuscripts available from various parts of India, thus trying to stabilize and save the text from further contradictions. An example of this effort is the critical edition of Srimad Valmiki Ramayana. This site aims to study various versions of Srimad Valmiki Ramayana and arrive at a version of Ramayana that is most relevant to modern times.
Srimad Valmiki Ramayana is composed of verses called Sloka, in Sanskrit language, which is an ancient language from India and a complex meter called Anustup. These verses are grouped into individual chapters called Sargas, wherein a specific event or intent is told. These chapters or sargas are grouped into books called Kaandas where Kaanda means the inter-node stem of sugar cane, or also a particular phase of the story or an event in the course of story telling.
Thus the structure of Srimad Valmiki Ramayana is arranged into six Kaandas or Books, and they are:
- Bala Kanda ( Book of Youth) [77 chapters]
- Ayodhya Kanda (Book of Ayodhya) [119 chapters]
- Aranya Kanda (Book of Forest ) [75 chapters]
- Kishkindha Kanda (The Empire of Holy Monkeys) [67 chapters]
- Sundara Kanda ( Book of Beauty ) [68 chapters]
- Yuddha Kanda ( Book of War ) [128 chapters]
While stabilizing the original text of Ramayana, historians surmised that portions of two Books [Kaandas], namely Book I, Bala Kaanda and Book VII, Uttara Ramayana (not listed above) are later additions - "The first and the last Books of the Ramayana are later additions. The bulk, consisting of Books II--VI, represents Rama as an ideal hero. In Books I and VII, however Rama is made an avatara or incarnation of Vishnu, and the epic poem is transformed into a Vaishnava text. The reference to the Greeks, Parthians, and Sakas show that these Books cannot be earlier than the second century B.C......"[ The cultural Heritage of India, Vol. IV, The Religions, The Ramakrishna Mission, Institute of Culture ].
However Book I, Balakanda is considered to be an original version except for some injected stories. Story starts from the fifth chapter of Book I, and tradition demands it to be read with the others. This stipulation is not obligatory to Uttara Kaanda, a later kaanda, wherein Sita's expulsion to forest takes place. Theologists worship Sri Rama as a God incarnate, philosophers make him the philosophical Absolute, while at the same time, materialists, condemning the above, appreciate the lyrical values of Ramayana, but as a great devotee-singer said "Whoever calls you in whatever way, you are that One".
Ramayana contains 24,000 verses [sloka] arranged into numerous cantos [sarga] which are contained in 6 books as mentioned earlier. Each chapter, sarga, will be given briefly in english prose at its start and each verse will be rendered into Anglo-Sanskrit transliteration using ITRANS transliteration scheme developed by Avinash Chopde. Each verse will be followed by the Word by Word meaning followed by its gist and explained based on theism, culture, literature as appropriate. The numbering of each verse will be in the format Book-Canto-Verse. We are also providing Verses in Devanagari Unicode and Roman fonts for easier readability. The authors would like to express their appreciation to Avinash Chopde for developing ITRANS scheme.
This Valmiki Ramayana in Sanskrit is being translated and presented by Sri Desiraju Hanumanta Rao (Bala, Aranya and Kishkindha Kanda ) and Sri K. M. K. Murthy (Ayodhya, Sundara (28-Last sargas) and Yuddha Kanda) with contributions from Durga Naaga Devi and Vaasudeva Kishore (Sundara Kanda (1-27 sargas)); Smt. Desiraju Kumari; Smt. K. Rajeswari, with all enthusiasm and devotion to classical literature of India, with humble and due respect to elders, pundits and to all those who respect Srimad Valmiki Ramayana the epic poem.
We have started work on rendering Sanskrit verses into audio, an idea given by Prof. (Dr.) Sravan Goparaju. Following people are contributing to this effort:
Bala Kanda - Dr. (Mrs.) V. Roja Ravindra, Smt. Sujatha Srinivas Goparaju
Kishkindha Kanda - Smt. Sujatha Srinivas Goparaju
Sundara Kanda - Smt. Aswini Ram Tulluri, Sri. Sasikiran Chintalapudi and Smt. Swapna Sasikiran Chintalapudi
Audio mixing - Dr. V.S. Ravindra, Sri. V.S. Sailendra
We have started work on rendering Sanskrit verses into audio, an idea given by Prof. (Dr.) Sravan Goparaju. Following people are contributing to this effort:
Bala Kanda - Dr. (Mrs.) V. Roja Ravindra, Smt. Sujatha Srinivas Goparaju
Kishkindha Kanda - Smt. Sujatha Srinivas Goparaju
Sundara Kanda - Smt. Aswini Ram Tulluri, Sri. Sasikiran Chintalapudi and Smt. Swapna Sasikiran Chintalapudi
Audio mixing - Dr. V.S. Ravindra, Sri. V.S. Sailendra
The verse below is recited at the beginning of any auspicious task. It invokes the all pervading God.
shuklaambaradharam vishhNum shashi varNam caturbhujam |
prasanna vadanam dhyaayet sarvavighnopashaantaye ||
"The One Who is adorned with a white garment, Who is All-Pervading, Who is bright as a full moon, Who has four arms, and Who has a pleasant smiling face, may be meditated upon to extinguish all obstacles."
aapadaam apahartaaram daataaram sarvasaMpadaam.h |
lokaabhiraamam shriiraamam bhuuyo bhuuyo namaamyaham.h ||
lokaabhiraamam shriiraamam bhuuyo bhuuyo namaamyaham.h ||
"I bow again and again to Sri Rama Who removes (all) obstacles, grants all wealth and pleases all."
This is a salutation offered at the start of reading any scripture as per tradition. This prayer is for removing all obstacles encountered. The prefix Sri to Rama indicates that Rama is always accompanied by Sri, His consort Seetha in the form of goddess Sri Maha Lakshmi.
| Yuddha Kanda |
Book One - bAla KkANDa
Book I: bAla kANDa concludes here.
Back to main Index
Book Two - Ayodhya Kanda |
Here concludes the second book Ayodhya Kanda, in Valmiki Ramayana.
Back to main Index
Book Three - araNya kANDa
Here concludes the third book Aranya Kanda, The Forest Trek, in Valmiki Ramayana. |
Back to main Index
Book Four - kishkindha kANDa |
1 : Sri Rama at Pampa Lake lamenting for Seetha
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2 : The fearless Hanuma
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3 : Hanuma meets Sri Rama
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4 : Lakshmana's narration to Hanuma
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5 : Oath of friendship
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6 : Sugreeva's narration of the abduction
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7 : Friendly discourse
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8 : The tale of enmity between Vali and Sugreeva
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9 : The strength of Vali
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10 : Banishment of Sugreeva by Vali
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11 : The incident of Dundubhi
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12 : The initial challenge
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13 : Saptajana hermitage
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14 : The second challenge
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15 : Tara's advice
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16 : Sugreeva's second fight and Vali's falling down
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17 : Vali's questioning Rama's propriety
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18 : Rama's elucidation of dharma to vali
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19 : Tara's arrival at Vali in battlefield
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20 : Tara's lamentation for Vali's death
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21 : Hanuma consoles Tara
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22 : Vali's death-time advises
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23 : Tara's lament for death of Vali
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24 : Tara Sugreeva's resolve to die with Valii
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25 : Vali's funeral ritual
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26 : Sugreeva's coronation
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27 : Rama at Mt. Prasavana
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28 : Eulogy on Rainy Season
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29 : Hanuma's advise to Sugreeva
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30 : Autumn [Sharad R^itu] eulogised
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31 : Lakshmana's fury
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32 : Hanuma's advise to Sugreeva
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33 : Lakshmana's fury, Tara's pacifying
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34 : Lakshmana upbraids Sugreeva
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35 : Tara appeases Lakshmana
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36 : Sugreeva's apology pacifies Lakshmana
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37 : Monkey chiefs go round the earth
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38 : Sugreeva approaches Rama
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39 : Rama mildly admonishes Sugreeva
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40 : Sugreeva orders Eastside search
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41 : Sugreeva sends Vanara-s to Southward
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42 : Sugreeva sends troops to west side
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43 : Sugreeva sends troops to north
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44 : Rama gives ring to Hanuma
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45 : The war cries of monkey soldiers
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46 : Sugreeva's knowledge of physical world
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47 : Search for Seetha failed in east, north, and west
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48 : Hanuma's search for Seetha
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49 : Angada encourages all of the monkeys
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50 : Search of Vanaras in Riksha cavity,
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51 : The legend of Black Cave
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52 : Vanaras deliverance from black hole
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53 : Angada proposes fast unto death
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54 : Hanuma advises Angada
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55 : Monkeys decide to fast unto death
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56 : Sampaati hears of Jataayu's death
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57: Angada informs their plight to Sampaati
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58 : Sampaati informs Angada about Seetha
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59 : Sampaati details Angada about Seetha
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60 : Sampaati narrates his legend
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61 : Sampaati's legend [contd.]
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62 : Sampaati's legend [contd.]
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63 : Sampaati gets new wings and flew away
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64 : Monkeys arrive at seashore
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65 : Monkeys fear to jump the ocean
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66 : Legend of Hanuma's birth
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67 : Hanuma asserts his capabilities to leap the ocean
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Here concludes the fourth book Kishkindha Kanda, The Empire of Holy Monkeys, in Valmiki Ramayana.
Back to main Index
Book Five - Sundara Kanda
1 : Hanuma's Flight over Ocean
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2 : The city of Lanka
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3 : Hanuma conquers Lanka
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4 : Hanuma enters the city of Lanka
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5 : Ravana's palace
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6 : Inside the palace
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7 : Hanuma sees Pushpaka in Ravana's inner city
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8 : Description of the Pushpaka
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9 : The inner buildings of Ravana's house
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10 : Hanuma enters Ravana's house
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11 : Hanuma continues search for Seetha
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12 : Hanuma's depression
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13 : Hanuma starts to search in Ashoka garden
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14 : Hanuma enters the Ashoka garden
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15 : Hanuma sees Seetha
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16 : Hanuma's grief at the plight of Seetha
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17 : Hanuma sees Seetha with ogresses
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18 : Ravana comes to Seetha
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19 : Seetha in Ashoka garden
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20 : Ravana talks to Seetha
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21 : Seetha's reply
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22 : Ravana gives deadline
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23 : Ogres frighten Seetha
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24 : Seetha's reply to Ogres
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25 : Seetha bursts into a wail
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26 : Seetha decides to give up life
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27 : Trijata's dream
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28 : Seetha recollects the time limit
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29 : Seetha experiences some good omens
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30 : Hanuma falls in dilemma
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31 : Hanuma began to narrate story of to Seetha
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32 : Seetha is shocked to see Hanuma
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33 : Seetha antecedents to Hanuma
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34 : Hanuma reveals himself to be a messenger of
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35 : Seetha asks Hanuma to describe the characteristics
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36 : Hanuma gives Seetha, the signet ring sent by
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37 : Seetha was both delighted and depressed
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38 : Hanuma asks Seetha to give him a token of remembrance
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39 : To urge and Lakshmana
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40 : Hanuma consoles Seetha and travels northward
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41 : Hanuma thinks to meet Ravana
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42 : Female-demons enquires Seetha about Hanuma
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43 : Hanuma thinks of destroying a sacred sanctuary of demons
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44 : Ravana sends Jambumali
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45 : Hanuma kills Prahasta's seven sons
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46 : Ravana sends five army-generals
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47 : Ravana sends his son Aksha
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48 : Ravana sends his son Indrajit
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49 : Hanuma sees well-adorned Ravana
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50 : Hanuma declares himself to be a messenger of
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51 : Hanuma narrates the story of
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52 : Ravana orders Hanuma to be killed
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53 : Later Ravana orders to set fire to his tail
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54 : Hanuma makes up his mind to set fire the city of Lanka
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55 : Hanuma doubts whether Seetha dies in the fire
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56 : Hanuma again visits Ashoka garden and sees Seetha
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57 : Hanuma leaps from Lanka and touches Mount Mainaka
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58 : Jambavan requests Hanuma to narrate clearly the happenings
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59 : Hanuma describes the plight of Seetha to his fellow monkeys
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60: Jambavan's wise guidelines
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61 : Monkeys took halt at Madhuvana
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62 : Dadhimukha departs to Kishkindha
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63 : Dadhimukha reports Madhuvana destruction to Sugreeva
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64 : Hanuma apprises of the discovery of Seetha
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65 : Hanuma conveys Seetha's message to .
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66 : urges Hanuma, to repeat the words spoken by Seetha.
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67 : Hanuma narrates an incident connected with a crow
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68 : Seetha expressed her grave doubt
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Thus concludes the fifth book Sundara Kanda, in Valmiki Ramayana.
It is customary to read Sri Rama Pattabhishekam Sarga after completing Sundara Kanda pArAyaNa.
Back to main Index
Book Six - Yuddha Kanda
Contents
1 : Rama appreciates Hanuma and embraces him
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2 : Sugreeva comforts Rama
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3 : Rama requests Hanuma to describe Lanka in detail
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4 : Rama fixes an auspicious hour for the departure
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5 : Sri Rama recollects the lotus-eyed Seetha
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6 : Ravana calls a meetings of his ministers
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7 : The demons inspire Ravana
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8: All demons eulogising their strengths
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9 : Vibhishana speak words of morality
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10 : Vibhishana advises Ravana to restore Seetha to Rama
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11 : Ravana goes again to the assembly hall
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12 : Ravana instructs Prahasta to defend Lanka
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13 : Mahaparsva's advise to Ravana
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14 : Vibhishana informs about the power of Rama's arrow
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15 : Indrajit criticizes Vibhishana
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16 : Ravana refuses to hear the words of Vibhishana
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17 : Vibhishana reaches Rama's places
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18 : Vibhishana joins as an associate in Rama's side
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19 : Vibhishana seeks refuge at the feet of Rama
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20 : Ravana sends Shuka to Sugreeva as an ambassador
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21 : Rama becomes angry at the ocean
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22 : Sea-god advices Rama with joined palms to build a bridge
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23 : Rama explains to Lakshmana the various portents
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24 : Rama orders for release of Suka
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25 : Suka explains the strength of the enemy's army to Ravana
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26 : Ravana enquires about the various monkey leaders
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27: Sharana describes the individual strength of the army
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28: Shuka enumerates the enemies
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29: Ravana reprimands Shuka and Sarana
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30: Ravana dispatches Sardula the demon-spy
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31: Rama enters Lanka at Suvela Mountain
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32: Seetha sees the illusory head and bow
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33: Sarama restores confidence to Seetha
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34: Sarama consoles Seetha
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35: Seetha asks Sarama about Ravana's decision
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36: Ravana abuses Malyavan
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37: Vibhishana sends spies into Lanka
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38: Rama decides to stay on Suvela mountain
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39: Rama and others see the charming garden on Suvela mountain
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40: On seeing Ravana Sugreeva bounces on him
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41: Rama sends Angada to Ravana
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42: Ravana commands his army to commence combat
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43: The duels arose between the monkeys and demons
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44: Indrajit comes back in an invisible form
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45: Two scions of Raghu dynasty fall on the ground
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46: Ravana applauds his son for his daring act
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47: Seetha's anguish about Rama and Lakshmana
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48: Trijata reassures Seetha
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49: Vibhishana approaches Rama
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50: Garuda the King of Birds appears
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51: Dhumraksha enters the battle field
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52: Dhumraksha along with army attacks the monkeys
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53: Ravana sends Vajradamstra
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54: Vajradamstra shows terror among the monkeys
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55: Ravana next sends Akampana
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56: Akampana enters the battle-field
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57: Ravana asks Prahasta to go to the battle
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58: Vibhishana explains the prowess of Prahasta
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59: Ravana himself appears on the battle-front
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60: Ravana sends demons to wake up Kumbhakarna
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61: Rama enquires about Kumbhakarna
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62: Kumbhakarna enters the abode of Ravana
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63: Kumbhakarna reassures Ravana
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64: He advises Kumbhakarna
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65: Kumbhakarna rebukes Mahodara
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66: Angada reassures the monkeys to return to the battle
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67: Kumbhakarna was slain in battle
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68: Ravana's grief over the deaths
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69: Death of Narantaka
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70: Hanuma kills Trishira
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71: Lakshmana kills Atikaya
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72: Ravana's grief over Atikaya's death
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73: Rama and Lakshmana fell unconscious
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74: Hanuma's journey to Himalayas
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75: The battle resumes
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76: Sugreeva kills Kumbha
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77: Kumbha's brother, Nikumbha faces the battle
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78: Ravana orders Makaraksha
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79: Makaraksha challenges Rama to fight with him
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80: Ravana instructs Indrajit to enter the battle field.
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81: Indrajit places illusory live image of Seetha
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82: Hanuma Leads the monkey army
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83: Seetha has been killed by Indrajit
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84: Vibhishana tells the secret of conjuring trick
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85: Rama sends Lakshmana to kill Indrajit
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86: Indrajit enters the battle-filed again
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87: Indrajit's harsh words to Vibhishana
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88: A fierce battle starts between Lakshmana and Indrajit
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89: Vibhishana destroys many demons
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90: Indrajit's horse was killed
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91: Lakshmana and others were treated by Sushena
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92: Ravana feels distressed over his son's death
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93: Rama destroys the troops of demons
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94: The female-demons lament over the death of their kith and kin
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95: Ravana fights fiercely with monkeys
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96: Sugreeva kills Virupaksha
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97: Sugreeva kills Mahodara
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98: Angada kills Mahaparsva
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99: The battle between Rama and Ravana
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100: Ravana runs away from the battle-field
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101: Hanuma brings mountain with life giving herbs
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102: Ravana gets severely hurt
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103: Ravana's charioteer carries away Ravana in the chariot
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104: Ravana re-approached the battle-field
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105: Sage Agastya's advice
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106: Rama spoke to Matali
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107: Rama and Ravana perform a fierce battle
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108: Rama kills Ravana
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109: Rama directs Vibhishana to perform the obsequies to Ravana
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110: All the consorts of Ravana lament
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111: Madodari laments on Ravana's death
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112: Vibhishana's installation
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113: Hanuma informs Seetha about Rama's victory
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114: Vibhishana brings Seetha to Rama
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115: Rama disowns her and asks her to seek shelter elsewhere.
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116: Seetha's taunting reply to Rama
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117: Gods reach Lanka and approach Rama
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118: The fire-god appears in person from the burning pyre
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119: Lord Shiva informs Rama about his father
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120: Indra's boon to Rama
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121: Rama prepares to leave for Ayodhya
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122: Rama along with Lakshmana and Seetha ascend the aerial car
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123: Rama shows to Seetha the places
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124: Rama lands at Sage Bharadwaja hermitage
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125: Hanuma informs Bharata about Rama’s return
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126: Hanuma recounts to Bharata about Rama in the forest
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127: Bharata commands for the reception of Rama in the City of Ayodhya
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128: Sri Rama pattabhishekam
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